Monteiro, and Hans Heuts 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Living Radical Polymerisation 106 5.2.1 General/Features of a Controlled/Living Radical Polymerisation 106 5.2.2 Reversible Termination 108 5.2.3 Reversible Chain Transfer 116 5.3 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerisation in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 119 5.3.1 Introduction 119 5.3.2 Control of Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution 120 5.3.3 Synthesis of Block and Random or Gradient Copolymers via (Mini)Emulsion Polymerisation 125 5.3.4 Surfactant-Free Emulsion Polymerisation Using the Polymerisation-Induced Self-Assembly Technique 126 5.4 ATRP in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 126 5.4.1 Introduction 126 5.4.2 Direct ATRP 127 5.4.3 Reverse ATRP 130 5.4.4 Next Generation ATRP Techniques: SRNI and AGET 132 5.4.5 Some Concluding Remarks on ATRP in Emulsion 135 5.5 Reversible Chain Transfer in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 136 5.5.1 Low Cex Reversible Chain Transfer Agents 136 5.5.2 High Cex Reversible Chain Transfer Agents 137 5.6 Conclusion 143 6 Particle Morphology 145 Yuri Reyes Mercado, Elena Akhmastkaya, Jose Ramon Leiza, and Jose M. Gilbert 3.1 Introduction 43 3.2 General Aspects of Emulsion Polymerisation 44 3.3 Basic Principles of Emulsion Polymerisation 46 3.4 Particle Nucleation 47 3.5 Particle Growth 51 3.5.1 The Zero-One and Pseudo-Bulk Dichotomy 52 3.5.2 Zero-One Kinetics 53 3.5.3 Pseudo-Bulk Kinetics 55 3.5.4 Systems between Zero-One and Pseudo-Bulk 57 3.6 Ingredients in Recipes 57 3.6.1 Monomers 58 3.6.2 Initiators 58 3.6.3 Surfactants 58 3.6.4 Other Ingredients 59 3.7 Emulsion Copolymerisation 59 3.7.1 Monomer Partitioning in Emulsion Polymerisation 59 3.7.2 Composition Drift in Emulsion Co- and Terpolymerisation 63 3.7.3 Process Strategies in Emulsion Copolymerisation 64 3.8 Particle Morphologies 66 3.8.1 Core-Shell Morphologies 68 4 Emulsion Copolymerisation, Process Strategies 75 Jose Ramon Leiza and Jan Meuldijk 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Monomer Partitioning 79 4.2.1 Slightly and Partially Water Miscible Monomers 79 4.2.2 Consequences of Monomer Partitioning for the Copolymer Composition 84 4.3 Process Strategies 86 4.3.1 Batch Operation 86 4.3.2 Semi-Batch Operation 89 4.3.3 Control Opportunities 92 5 Living Radical Polymerisation in Emulsion and Miniemulsion 105 Bernadette Charleux, Michael J. van Herk 2.1 Mechanism of Free Radical Polymerisation 23 2.2 Rate of Polymerisation and Development of Molecular Mass Distribution 25 2.2.1 Rate of Polymerisation 25 2.2.2 Kinetic Chain Length 26 2.2.3 Chain Length Distribution 27 2.2.4 Temperature and Conversion Effects 30 2.3 Radical Transfer Reactions 31 2.3.1 Radical Transfer Reactions to Low Molecular Mass Species 31 2.3.2 Radical Transfer Reactions to Polymer 32 2.4 Radical Copolymerisation 34 2.4.1 Derivation of the Copolymerisation Equation 34 2.4.2 Types of Copolymers 37 2.4.3 Polymerisation Rates in Copolymerisations 39 2.5 Controlled Radical Polymerisation 41 3 Emulsion Polymerisation 43 A.M. Machine generated contents note: List of Contributors xi Abbreviations xiii List of Frequently Used Symbols xvii Introduction to the Second Edition xix Introduction to the First Edition xxi 1 Historic Overview 1 Finn Knut Hansen 1.1 The Early Stages 1 1.2 The Second Half of the Twentieth Century 9 1.2.1 Product Development 9 1.2.2 Kinetic Theory 11 1.2.3 Emulsion Polymerisation in Monomer Droplets 19 1.2.4 Industrial Process Control and Simulation 21 2 Introduction to Radical (Co)Polymerisation 23 A.M.Kiryutina Study initial stage of polymerization of styrene. Abstracts of the II All-Union Conference on the rubber of general purpose. Influence of the route of emulsifier administration for the polymerization of monomer of different nature. Krasheninnikova The biomedical purpose polymer suspensions with a narrow particle size distribution. ![]() ![]() Synthesis of monodisperse functional polymeric microspheres for immuno-diagnostic studies.
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